The Western Cape High Court has reshaped how South African courts will handle future road accident claims involving livestock.
In the case of Smith v Klawervlei Citrus CC, the court determined that the mere presence of a deceased animal on a roadway does not automatically give rise to a presumption of negligence against its owner.
The appellant, Rowan Smith, took his case to the High Court following a collision that occurred on the N7 on 24 June 2021. A vehicle belonging to Smith, driven by Elim Basson, crashed into a cow owned by the respondent, Klawervlei Citrus CC, which was lying on the road and apparently already dead.
Following the Clanwilliam Magistrates' Court's initial judgment in June 2023, which granted the respondent absolution from the instance with costs, Smith sought to overturn this decision.Â
Central to the appeal were two key issues: first, whether the legal maxim res ipsa loquiturcould apply, which suggests that the facts can speak for themselves to indicate negligence, and second, whether Regulation 313 of the National Road Traffic Act of 1996 creates a statutory presumption of civil liability in cases where livestock stray onto public roads.
The High Court, presided over by Judge N Mangcu-Lockwood and Judge PSÂ van Zyl, outlined crucial principles of law in their ruling. The judges concluded that while the situation is unfortunate, the sole evidence presented by Smith, specifically that the cow was found on the road, does not equate to proving negligence. Â
The court highlighted that there was a lack of direct evidence about how the cow ended up on the roadway and pointed out that the appellant did not inspect the fencing around the property or present any witnesses that could testify to the condition of the fencing or the state of the property adjacent to the road.
Basson, the driver of the vehicle in question, provided testimony that diminished the case against Klawervlei Citrus CC. He stated that he believed that the oncoming traffic, specifically a truck with bright lights, had dazzled him, causing the collision, and even noted that he had no grounds to blame the farm owner since the cow may have gotten onto the road due to a gate being opened by someone else.
In their reasoning, the judges referenced previous rulings, including Swartz v Delportand Britz v Green, where similar circumstances led courts to conclude that a plaintiff must present clear, substantive evidence pointing to the owner's negligence. This principle was upheld firmly in the current case, enforcing that mere presence of animals on roads cannot create a presumption of negligence without further corroborative evidence.
Concluding their findings, the judges dismissed the appeal and ordered Smith to bear the costs, including counsel's fees taxed on Scale C.
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